Título de la Revista: ANNUAL ENERGY AND TRANSPORT REVIEW
Año........................:2004
Número..................:0
Volumen................: 2003
INSTRUCCIONES PARA PEDIR COPIA DE UN ARTICULO
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..6
1. Introduction.7
2. Energy7
Main initiatives since 2000.7
Primary energy composition8
Indigenous production/self-sufficiency .10
Prices.10
Quality of service and accessibility ..10
Market opening11
Emissions11
3. Transport .12
Main community initiatives since 2000 ..12
Freight transport 13
Passenger transport.15
Infrastructure policy16
Market opening and competition ..16
Environmental concerns and safety .17
INTRODUCTION.18
1. The importance of the energy and transport sectors for the economy.19
2. Special characteristics of the energy and transport sectors..20
3. Structure of the industries ..20
Energy..21
Transport21
EUROPEAN UNION ENERGY AND TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENTS.22
1. Policy, market opening and competition.23
Policies.23
Changes in the structure and ownership of the two sectors 30
Progress with market opening ..31
2. Completion of European infrastructure33
The TEN process..34
The energy TEN 34
The transport TEN .37
3. Costs and accessibility of energy and transport ..43
Cost drivers and comparative costs for users..44
Household expenditure and accessibility.49
4. Links between the economy, transport and energy 51
Economic drivers common to the energy and transport sectors52
Energy-specific drivers .53
Transport-specific drivers ..53
Changes in activity levels..56
Energy and transport in the context of the economy .61
5. Energy developments63
Changes in the structure of final energy demand..63
The energy transformation sector..64
Energy infrastructure .68
Changes in the structure of gross inland consumption .70
Primary energy production72
Renewable energy production75
Import dependency and supply security ..78
6. Transport developments.80
Changing activity patterns and their relation to transport 80
Transport volume and modal shares.81
Motorisation..85
Safety86
Concluding remarks.87
7. Environment.87
Overview 87
CO2 emissions87
Acidifying emissions88
Development of local emissions per transport mode90
NEW MEMBER STATES’ ENERGY AND TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENTS94
1. Policy market opening and competition..95
Policies.95
Changes in the structure and ownership of the two industries.97
2. Progress with market opening .98
3. Completion of European infrastructure99
The energy TEN 99
The transport TEN ..100
4. Costs and accessibility of energy and transport 102
Energy102
Transport.104
5. Links between the economy, transport and energy.105
Economic drivers common to the energy and transport sectors 105
Energy-specific drivers ..107
Transport-specific drivers 107
Changes in activity levels107
6. Energy developments.110
Changes in the structure of final energy demand 110
The energy transformation sector 111
Changes in the structure of gross inland consumption ..112
Primary energy production.114
Renewable energy production.116
Energy imports and self-sufficiency..117
7. Transport developments..117
Driving forces, political framework 117
Modal shares and transport performance 118
8. Environment and safety .120
CO2 emissions 120
Acidifying emissions 121
Transportation, including energy use ..122
Transport safety ..123
TRADING PARTNERS' ENERGY AND TRANSPORT DEVELOPMENTS .124
1. Candidate countries and EEA trading partners..125
Common interests, policies and industry structure 125
Energy indicators 127
Transport indicators .129
Environment and safety131
2. Principal trading partners .133
Common interests, policies and industry structure 133
Energy indicators 137
Transport indicators .138
Environment and safety140
COMPARISON OF MARKET OPENING DEVELOPMENTS IN THE ENERGY
AND TRANSPORT SECTORS142
1. The opening of European energy and transport markets: aims and milestones .143
Historical overview143
Implicit expectations and opportunities for market opening 144
Legal milestones of market opening in the energy and transport markets144
The Acquis Communautaire..146
2. Regulation policy in energy and transport markets ..147
Energy sector .147
Transport sector ..148
3. The main results from market opening and obstacles to overcome.154
Energy ..155
Transport.161
Issues to be resolved ..163
PARA ENVIAR PETICION: 